įew studies have investigated the relationship of balance to other FMS. Postural stability refers to the ability to maintain, achieve or restore a specific state of balance, whilst postural orientation is the competence to maintain an appropriate relationship between the body and the environment for a task. The system responsible for the ability to maintain balance and sense shifts in balance is generally termed postural control and enables the body’s positioning in space for the dual purposes of stability and orientation.
Stability skills can be defined as the ability to sense a shift in the relationship of the body parts that alter one’s balance, as well as the ability to adjust rapidly and accurately to these changes with the appropriate compensating movements. The same cannot be said for stability skills which have been described as the most basic skills within the FMS family. Object and locomotor skills have been widely evaluated in children’s FMS development. Gallahue, Ozmun and Goodway state that there are three constructs which make up FMS: locomotor (run, hop, jump, slide, gallop, leap) object control (strike, dribble, kick, throw, underarm roll, catch) and stability skills (non locomotor skills such as body rolling, bending, and twisting). Australia has seen a 42% decline in active transport between 19 and children’s top ten preferred play spaces have seen a marked transition from outdoors to indoors between 1950 to 2000. This may be due to many children missing out on the foundations of movement which were routinely developed by children in previous generations through incidental physical activity. Yet Australian research has demonstrated low and decreasing levels of FMS. Children who possess high FMS levels have a greater chance of maintaining good health, are more likely to participate in physical activity and possess better fitness in later life. High levels of FMS competence in childhood are related to a number of health and physical activity outcomes. The ability to perform various fundamental movement skills (FMS) (e.g., running, catching, hopping, throwing) in a consistent and proficient manner, is often defined as movement competence.
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